Abstract: Over the past two decades, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has revolutionized our understanding of the high-energy sky. With its extremely sharp X-ray vision enabled by large-area, sub-arcsecond mirrors, Chandra has brought many important astrophysical processes into focus for the first time and has comprised a key component of our multiwavelength view of the Universe. In this talk I will give an overview of the vast array of groundbreaking science enabled with Chandra. I will focus on a handful of the most exciting results, including breakthrough discoveries on the births and deaths of stars, the cosmic growth of black holes, and the formation and evolution of galaxies and clusters. I will conclude with a look toward the exciting future of high-resolution X-ray observatories.